How is 'tone' best defined in literature?

Tone in literature refers specifically to the emotional attitude the writer conveys towards the subject matter, characters, and audience. It shapes how the reader perceives the text, influencing their emotional response and understanding of the themes and messages within the work. For example, a sarcastic tone can create humor, while a somber tone can evoke seriousness or sadness.

The overall message of a text may encompass various elements, but it does not alone define tone. Similarly, while setting refers to the time and place in which the story occurs and plot structure deals with the arrangement of events in the narrative, neither of these components directly relates to the emotional attitude expressed by the author. Thus, tone is distinctly focused on the writer's attitude and feelings expressed through word choice, style, and the overall mood of the piece.