What is the term for a tone created when the speaker's intended meaning is opposite to their words?

The term that describes a tone where the speaker's intended meaning is opposite to their words is irony. Irony involves a contrast between expectation and reality, often used to convey a deeper meaning or to highlight a discrepancy between appearances and underlying truths.

In this context, when someone says something but means the opposite, it creates a situation where the literal interpretation of the words does not align with the intended message, as seen in sarcasm or certain forms of humor. This use of language can provoke thought or generate humor, making it a powerful literary device.

The other terms mentioned do have their own meanings: atmosphere refers to the mood or emotional setting of a piece; dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows something that the characters do not; and characterization is the process of creating and developing a character within a story. However, none of them pertain directly to the specific scenario where the intended meaning is opposite to the words spoken.