What literary device refers to a well-known text or reference?

The correct answer is allusion, which is a literary device that refers to a well-known text, event, person, or culture to create a deeper understanding or connection within a work. Allusions enrich the narrative by evoking associations and resonating with the audience's prior knowledge or experiences. For example, when a character refers to a "forbidden fruit," it alludes to the biblical story of Adam and Eve, immediately adding layers of meaning regarding temptation and desire.

In contrast, atmosphere describes the mood or emotional feeling evoked by a piece of writing, which, while significant, does not involve a reference to an external well-known text. Character refers to the individuals involved in the story, focusing on their traits and development, rather than to external references. Finally, conflict refers to the central struggle or problem faced by characters in a story, emphasizing the tensions and driving the plot forward, but it does not involve alluding to any known texts or references.