Which term describes the use of symbols in literature to signify deeper meanings?

The term that describes the use of symbols in literature to signify deeper meanings is symbolism. Symbolism is a literary device where objects, characters, or colors are used to represent larger concepts or ideas. For instance, a dove may symbolize peace, or a rose might symbolize love. This technique allows authors to convey complex themes and emotions without directly stating them, enriching the text and encouraging readers to explore these deeper meanings.

Allegory refers to a narrative that conveys a deeper moral or political meaning through symbolic figures and actions. It is a broader category than symbolism, as an allegory often encompasses an entire story rather than specific symbols within it.

A metaphor, on the other hand, is a figure of speech that compares two unlike things directly for effect, without using "like" or "as," and does not necessarily involve symbolic representation in the same way that symbolism does.

Theme is the underlying message or central idea of a literary work. While themes can be communicated through symbols, it is not specifically about the use of symbols themselves but rather what those symbols may represent within the context of the story.

Therefore, symbolism is the most precise term for the use of symbols to represent deeper meanings in literature.